{"id":61842,"date":"2022-01-22T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-22T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/?p=61842"},"modified":"2024-09-23T14:02:31","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T17:02:31","slug":"termodinamica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/termodinamica\/","title":{"rendered":"Termodin\u00e2mica: o que \u00e9, f\u00f3rmulas e leis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <span id=\"urn:enhancement-19ac1792-6801-4efc-b17a-37bb4c079b4a\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/palavras\">palavra<\/span> <strong><span id=\"urn:local-annotation-738338\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/termodinamica\">termodin&acirc;mica<\/span> <\/strong>surge a partir dos voc&aacute;bulos gregos therme e dynamis, que significam calor + movimento. Assim, essa &aacute;rea da <span id=\"urn:enhancement-8ef18dae-f316-442f-b49b-5b801fa537c9\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/fisica\">f&iacute;sica<\/span> escuta a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-65664eef-36a5-4263-ad51-f52a0dcf9b2e\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> em movimento e a influ&ecirc;ncia desse tr&acirc;nsito na press&atilde;o, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a09081d1-56f4-4747-b20d-95130f0feadd\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/volume\">volume<\/span> e temperatura dos corpos.<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No artigo de hoje, voc&ecirc; ver&aacute; um panorama geral com as principais informa&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-cebe035f-88b1-4869-94fa-aed57a7a9eb0\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/termodinamica\">termodin&acirc;mica<\/span>, como suas f&oacute;rmulas e principais leis. No decorrer da explica&ccedil;&atilde;o voc&ecirc; encontrar&aacute; a resolu&ccedil;&atilde;o de exerc&iacute;cios de vestibulares que cobram esse tema. Leia agora!<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Navegue pelo conte\u00fado<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/termodinamica\/#Definicao-de-termodinamica\" >Defini&ccedil;&atilde;o de termodin&acirc;mica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/termodinamica\/#Conceitos-fundamentais-em-termodinamica\" >Conceitos fundamentais em termodin&acirc;mica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/termodinamica\/#Leis-da-Termodinamica\" >Leis da Termodin&acirc;mica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/termodinamica\/#Questao-sobre-termodinamica\" >Quest&atilde;o sobre termodin&acirc;mica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/termodinamica\/#Veja-mais-de-termodinamica-com-o-Estrategia\" >Veja mais de termodin&acirc;mica com o Estrat&eacute;gia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/termodinamica\/#Veja-tambem\" >Veja tamb&eacute;m:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-definicao-de-termodinamica\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definicao-de-termodinamica\"><\/span>Defini&ccedil;&atilde;o de termodin&acirc;mica<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <span id=\"urn:enhancement-e92301a3-ae06-46fc-9fbc-1eec66a80207\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/termodinamica\">termodin&acirc;mica<\/span> est&aacute; inserida nos estudos da <strong>termologia<\/strong>, ficando respons&aacute;vel por entender os sistemas f&iacute;sicos, as caracter&iacute;sticas deles e os processos a que est&atilde;o sujeitos. De maneira objetiva, se dedica a compreens&atilde;o da<strong> troca de calor<\/strong> entre os corpos e a rela&ccedil;&atilde;o dele com a <strong>realiza&ccedil;&atilde;o de trabalho<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em termos hist&oacute;ricos, essa ci&ecirc;ncia se fortaleceu com a cria&ccedil;&atilde;o das <strong>m&aacute;quinas <\/strong>a vapor, durante a <strong>primeira <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b6c6f454-22b8-469d-947b-373b3437627f\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/revolucao-industrial\">revolu&ccedil;&atilde;o industrial<\/span><\/strong>. As ondas de calor e as trocas t&eacute;rmicas propiciavam o funcionamento desses dispositivos.&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com o estudo e entendimento das leis termodin&acirc;micas, ficou mais f&aacute;cil aumentar a <strong><span id=\"urn:enhancement-e4dfd356-3c74-46bc-8752-d888c431d5b1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/eficiencia\">efici&ecirc;ncia<\/span> <\/strong>das m&aacute;quinas e, consequentemente, favorecer a <strong>lucratividade <\/strong>das f&aacute;bricas, no s&eacute;culo XIX.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atualmente, diversos equipamentos do cotidiano utilizam princ&iacute;pios termodin&acirc;micos: <strong>carros<\/strong>, <strong>refrigeradores<\/strong>, aparelhos de ar condicionado, geladeiras e aparelhos utilizados no processamento dos derivados de petr&oacute;leo, por exemplo.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conceitos-fundamentais-em-termodinamica\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conceitos-fundamentais-em-termodinamica\"><\/span>Conceitos fundamentais em termodin&acirc;mica<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a15385d3-9e64-4f59-b363-c459ccbe1a28\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/termodinamica\">termodin&acirc;mica<\/span> est&aacute; atrelada &agrave; realiza&ccedil;&atilde;o de trabalho, &eacute; importante que algumas ideias estejam presentes no racioc&iacute;nio, o que facilita o desenvolvimento das quest&otilde;es.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sistema-nbsp\">Sistema&nbsp;<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um<strong> sistema termodin&acirc;mico<\/strong> &eacute; o conjunto de elementos que est&atilde;o sendo estudados. Ele &eacute; definido por limites preestabelecidos e, nessa regi&atilde;o, ser&atilde;o observados os processos energ&eacute;ticos.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-estado-nbsp\">Estado&nbsp;<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada sistema possui um <strong>estado<\/strong>, que determina suas caracter&iacute;sticas como press&atilde;o, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-315bcad3-8bdd-4a3e-b0d4-7b13f605171a\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/volume\">volume<\/span>, temperatura, massa, entropia, entre outras. &Eacute; importante dizer que pode haver varia&ccedil;&atilde;o de estado, em diferentes intervalos de tempo.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-equilibrio-nbsp\">Equil&iacute;brio&nbsp;<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando o estado de um sistema torna-se imut&aacute;vel, encontra-se uma situa&ccedil;&atilde;o de <strong><span id=\"urn:local-annotation-560916\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/equilibrio-termodinamico\">equil&iacute;brio termodin&acirc;mico<\/span> <\/strong>&mdash; no qual n&atilde;o s&atilde;o notadas troca de <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ac6fbb68-fca5-4af7-bc2d-c28ae6f81e7a\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> ou massa, rea&ccedil;&otilde;es qu&iacute;micas, nem a atua&ccedil;&atilde;o de for&ccedil;as resultantes externas.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-processo-termodinamico\">Processo termodin&acirc;mico<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando ocorrem trocas de <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c3d52c10-8a9d-4a4c-9d69-31d38e786ebf\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> ou transforma&ccedil;&otilde;es f&iacute;sico-qu&iacute;micas, o estado do sistema se altera. A altera&ccedil;&atilde;o de um estado para outro &eacute; chamada de <strong>processo termodin&acirc;mico<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-temperatura-nbsp\">Temperatura&nbsp;<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A temperatura &eacute; uma grandeza <span id=\"urn:enhancement-621a3ceb-a7f8-4f8a-8534-23defb95f7bd\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/fisica\">f&iacute;sica<\/span> escalar que mede a <strong>agita&ccedil;&atilde;o <\/strong>presente nas mol&eacute;culas de um determinado corpo, em um momento espec&iacute;fico. Quanto maior a temperatura, mais agitada est&atilde;o as part&iacute;culas; quanto menor essa grandeza, mais &ldquo;calmas&rdquo; elas se encontram.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sua unidade de medida padr&atilde;o &eacute; o <span id=\"urn:enhancement-fbc803eb-43c0-4fe6-9a14-a2d95908e3c4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/kelvin\">Kelvin<\/span> (K). Cotidianamente, entretanto, os term&ocirc;metros fornecem valores em <span id=\"urn:enhancement-12502814-3832-4627-892c-fba4e6ec504b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/celsius\">Celsius<\/span> (&ordm;C), no <span id=\"urn:enhancement-55291cac-6f43-4b91-ad50-b156787eccf3\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-organization\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/brasil\">Brasil<\/span>; e em <span id=\"urn:enhancement-640c34e3-52ac-4fd2-ada0-245e0db714f3\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/fahrenheit\">Fahrenheit<\/span> (F&ordm;), nos <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b116de91-766d-4318-bade-b074dbeccfcf\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-place\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/eua\">Estados Unidos<\/span> da Am&eacute;rica.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/8dpnKkaSqzjoMeoEHSQqNceivOdHle4p7Vry4bZTc0Y8ED1TxZAzcDj8RbysyKE66831L0bKspGlTsq9V_N3Sv98d3xZTXcNM7puEzBZwbK1miRvVldLdtxhVn9JIkLsaIpNRps4\" alt=\"Termodin&acirc;mica - temperatura e term&ocirc;metro\" style=\"width:414px;height:406px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Imagem: Reprodu&ccedil;&atilde;o\/Wikimedia<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-calor\">Calor<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando dois sistemas de temperaturas diferentes est&atilde;o em contato, a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-cdac0dc5-35d3-47fa-b380-3f3e3ca52f25\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> &eacute; <strong>transferida do corpo de maior agita&ccedil;&atilde;o molecular para aquele que tem menor grau termom&eacute;trico<\/strong>. &Agrave; <span id=\"urn:enhancement-2a558ad4-a06d-4c76-ad60-2fc319c2a003\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia-termica\">energia t&eacute;rmica<\/span> em tr&acirc;nsito d&aacute;-se o nome de <span id=\"urn:local-annotation-401915\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/calor\">calor<\/span>, medido em calorias (cal) ou joules (J).<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-energia-interna\">Energia interna<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&Eacute; a grandeza que mensura a <strong>soma da energia cin&eacute;tica das part&iacute;culas<\/strong> em um corpo. Assim, quanto maior a temperatura, maior a agita&ccedil;&atilde;o das mol&eacute;culas, maior o valor da energia cin&eacute;tica e, consequentemente, maior a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c273fb68-2d4e-4fdf-b18f-a799aaaa7abc\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> interna no sistema.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">+ Veja tamb&eacute;m: <a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/fisica\/formulas-fisica-enem\/\" target=\"_blank\">F&oacute;rmulas de F&iacute;sica mais comuns do Enem e outros vestibulares<\/a><\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-leis-da-termodinamica\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leis-da-Termodinamica\"><\/span>Leis da Termodin&acirc;mica<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assim como os grandes <span id=\"urn:enhancement-582014a3-2a1f-4eda-9536-6fc9903e7149\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/plano-cartesiano-2\">eixos<\/span> de estudo na <span id=\"urn:enhancement-e665260a-ec34-4ced-b685-adbc94772d63\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/fisica\">f&iacute;sica<\/span>, existem quatro principais leis que regem a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-84a83609-760c-4502-81f1-41f51a903b42\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/termodinamica\">termodin&acirc;mica<\/span>, que descrevem as propriedades dos sistemas termodin&acirc;micos.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lei-do-equilibrio-termico\">Lei do equil&iacute;brio t&eacute;rmico<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conhecido tamb&eacute;m como <span id=\"urn:local-annotation-825517\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/lei-zero-da-termodinamica\">lei zero da termodin&acirc;mica<\/span>, esse enunciado diz respeito &agrave; tend&ecirc;ncia dos corpos ao equil&iacute;brio. Afirma-se, nesse caso, que: quando dois ou mais corpos est&atilde;o em contato com <strong>diferentes temperaturas<\/strong>, elas tendem a se <strong>igualar <\/strong>ao longo do tempo.&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para que isso ocorra, <strong>os corpos de maior temperatura emitem calor para os de menores temperaturas<\/strong>, at&eacute; que todos estejam com o mesmo grau de agita&ccedil;&atilde;o das mol&eacute;culas.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tal fato explica a sensa&ccedil;&atilde;o de frio ou calor sentida pelo corpo humano: quando tocamos uma pedra de gelo, estamos transmitindo calor para aquele corpo e os neur&ocirc;nios enviam essa informa&ccedil;&atilde;o como sinaliza&ccedil;&atilde;o para o frio.&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De modo an&aacute;logo, quando est&aacute; muito calor (principalmente nas zonas tropicais), o <strong>corpo est&aacute; recebendo<\/strong> <span id=\"urn:enhancement-dbc748ff-12db-41c9-bc44-6c8d3e231258\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> do ambiente, o que causa o aumento da temperatura.&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&Eacute; importante ressaltar que a fisiologia humana trabalha para que as temperaturas n&atilde;o se igualem ao do meio ambiente, permitindo que estejam em um equil&iacute;brio com aproximadamente 36,5&ordm;C.&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caso esses mecanismos de controle n&atilde;o existissem, morrer&iacute;amos com quadros de hipertermia (febre) ou hipotermia (quando a temperatura corp&oacute;rea est&aacute; abaixo dos 35&ordm;C).&nbsp;<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-primeira-lei-da-termodinamica\">Primeira lei da termodin&acirc;mica<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conhecida por <strong><span id=\"urn:local-annotation-887029\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/lei-da-conservacao-da-energia\">lei da conserva&ccedil;&atilde;o da energia<\/span><\/strong>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/primeira-lei-da-termodinamica\/\" target=\"_blank\">primeira lei da termodin&acirc;mica<\/a> indica que a varia&ccedil;&atilde;o da <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3d8d6b68-1f84-49c1-b5a5-4546010c2510\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> interna (&Delta;U) est&aacute; intimamente relacionada com a troca de calor com ambiente externo (Q) e o trabalho realizado (? ). Pode ser descrita pela f&oacute;rmula:<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Q = ? + &Delta;U&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como <strong>? = p. &Delta;V<\/strong>, em que p &eacute; a press&atilde;o e V &eacute; o <span id=\"urn:enhancement-7cac5a8e-0f13-4277-b8fb-8e2eb486cbef\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/volume\">volume<\/span>, temos que:<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Q = p. &Delta;V + &Delta;U&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diante dessa lei, tamb&eacute;m s&atilde;o descritas 4 diferentes situa&ccedil;&otilde;es em que ocorrem os processos termodin&acirc;micos<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o isom&eacute;trica <\/strong>ou <strong>isovolum&eacute;trica <\/strong>&mdash; quando o processo acontece sem que aconte&ccedil;a varia&ccedil;&atilde;o de volume;<\/li>\n<\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o isob&aacute;rica <\/strong>&mdash; nos casos em que a press&atilde;o se mant&eacute;m a mesma;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o isot&eacute;rmica <\/strong>&mdash; quando a temperatura do sistema n&atilde;o se altera; e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o adiab&aacute;tica <\/strong>&mdash; quando os corpos n&atilde;o trocam calor com o meio externo.<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-segunda-lei-da-termodinamica\">Segunda lei da termodin&acirc;mica<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Essa lei adiciona o conceito de <strong>entropia<\/strong>, que mede a <strong>desorganiza&ccedil;&atilde;o <\/strong>das part&iacute;culas. Quanto maior a entropia, mais desorganizado &eacute; o sistema. Quanto menor ela for, ocorre maior organiza&ccedil;&atilde;o das mol&eacute;culas.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estudos que embasam a segunda lei da <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3abf5e22-75f7-485b-9692-9da9271c779f\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/termodinamica\">termodin&acirc;mica<\/span> indicam que o acontecimento de um processo termodin&acirc;mico irrevers&iacute;vel causa um <strong>aumento da entropia<\/strong> no sistema, caso n&atilde;o haja varia&ccedil;&atilde;o de temperatura.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-terceira-lei-da-termodinamica\">Terceira lei da termodin&acirc;mica<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A terceira e &uacute;ltima lei da <span id=\"urn:enhancement-8a041cf5-b293-45e8-9ab1-3437c9c07eb1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/termodinamica\">termodin&acirc;mica<\/span> diz respeito ao que conhecemos como <strong><span id=\"urn:enhancement-e667384b-fd4c-4672-aa6d-68b1f461ae27\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/zero-absoluto\">zero absoluto<\/span><\/strong>, marcado por 0 K ou -273&ordm;C. O enunciado afirma que essa temperatura n&atilde;o &eacute; alcan&ccedil;&aacute;vel, j&aacute; que para isso a<strong> agita&ccedil;&atilde;o das mol&eacute;culas deveria ser igual a 0<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os &aacute;tomos devem assumir um estado de imobilidade, entretanto, essa situa&ccedil;&atilde;o viola os princ&iacute;pios j&aacute; definidos na <span id=\"urn:enhancement-5dfd6a7a-baf1-454e-9e0d-07350d000d5b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/mecanica-quantica\">mec&acirc;nica qu&acirc;ntica<\/span>. Al&eacute;m disso, tais afirma&ccedil;&otilde;es tamb&eacute;m corroboram para entendermos que <strong>nenhuma m&aacute;quina t&eacute;rmica apresenta um rendimento de 100%<\/strong> &mdash; de <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ea8288fb-5fde-4838-81ff-558f5d9d8d03\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/geometria\">forma<\/span> que sempre ocorre perda de <span id=\"urn:enhancement-60e6675c-a84a-4d67-8c08-0a9b204d2f3c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> para o meio.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"cs-embed cs-embed-responsive\"><iframe title=\"F&iacute;sica para ENEM: No&ccedil;&otilde;es de Termodin&acirc;mica - Prof. Lucas Costa\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/57eGG4v82CY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-questao-sobre-termodinamica\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Questao-sobre-termodinamica\"><\/span>Quest&atilde;o sobre termodin&acirc;mica<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Centro Federal de Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o Tecnol&oacute;gica &ndash; MG 2009<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um <span id=\"urn:enhancement-7c6df956-b52b-47ec-91b7-0a7a937b77c3\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/gases\">g&aacute;s<\/span> perfeito, durante uma transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o isom&eacute;trica, absorve uma quantidade de calor Q. Sendo &Delta;U a varia&ccedil;&atilde;o da <span id=\"urn:enhancement-73e86ebc-2315-4665-8dfd-fd15a5762817\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> interna e T o trabalho por ele realizado, &eacute; correto afirmar que<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) &Delta;U = 0 e T = Q.<br>b) &Delta;U = 0 e T = 0.<br>c) &Delta;U = T e Q = 0.<br>d) &Delta;U = Q e T = Q.<br>e) &Delta;U = Q e T = 0.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Considerando que a transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o &eacute; isom&eacute;trica, sabemos que n&atilde;o ocorreu varia&ccedil;&atilde;o do <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ab6516e8-abf4-489c-b236-8ce6349b062b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/volume\">volume<\/span> no <span id=\"urn:enhancement-6da60f9f-cbae-4c0a-9e23-70034f9a4ea5\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/gases\">g&aacute;s<\/span>. Conforme a primeira lei da <span id=\"urn:enhancement-af00741d-8b90-469f-8a4a-cd724b7ff78b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing wl-no-link\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/termodinamica\">termodin&acirc;mica<\/span>, a f&oacute;rmula que relaciona <span id=\"urn:enhancement-dc19e726-431e-49f4-83a0-c38e6cb5e643\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span> interna (U), trabalho e temperatura &eacute; Q = T + &Delta;U.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como o trabalho &eacute; dado por T = p. &Delta;V e a <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>&Delta;V = 0, T = p.0, ent&atilde;o <strong>T=0.<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adicionando essa informa&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; f&oacute;rmula do calor, temos que: Q = 0 + &Delta;U, ou seja: <strong>Q=&Delta;U<\/strong>. Assim, a alternativa correta &eacute; a <strong>letra E<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">+ Veja tamb&eacute;m: <a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/fisica\/calorimetria-no-enem\/\" target=\"_blank\">Como Calorimetria cai no Enem<\/a><\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-veja-mais-de-termodinamica-com-o-estrategia\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Veja-mais-de-termodinamica-com-o-Estrategia\"><\/span>Veja mais de termodin&acirc;mica com o Estrat&eacute;gia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voc&ecirc; quer maior conhecimento sobre os processos f&iacute;sicos, termodin&acirc;micos, trabalho e <span id=\"urn:enhancement-02caf5a2-9804-4692-872f-ded482896d45\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl110249\/entity\/energia\">energia<\/span>? Conhe&ccedil;a os cursos preparat&oacute;rios do Estrat&eacute;gia:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Simulados com quest&otilde;es in&eacute;ditas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Livros digitais;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aulas expositivas e did&aacute;ticas; e&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>F&oacute;rum de d&uacute;vidas para voc&ecirc; sanar seus questionamentos em f&iacute;sica.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saiba mais clicando no banner abaixo:<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a id=\"cta\" class=\"cta-imagem\" href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/cursos\/\" target=\"blank\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"100%\" src=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/EV4.jpg\" alt=\"CTA - Estrat\u00e9gia Vestibulares 4\" title=\"CTA - Estrat\u00e9gia Vestibulares 4\">\n        <\/a>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Veja-tambem\"><\/span>Veja tamb&eacute;m:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/fisica\/fisica-enem\/\">O que mais cai em F&iacute;sica no Enem?<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/fisica\/leis-de-newton\/\">Leis de Newton: princ&iacute;pios, conceitos e aplica&ccedil;&otilde;es<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/?p=79618\">Leis de Kepler: quais s&atilde;o, conceitos e f&oacute;rmulas<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/fisica\/gravidade\/\">Gravidade: o que &eacute;, valor e muito mais!<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/materias\/fisica\/primeira-lei-da-termodinamica\/\">Primeira Lei da Termodin&acirc;mica: defini&ccedil;&atilde;o, f&oacute;rmula e quest&otilde;es de vestibulares<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/fisica\/calorimetria-no-enem\/\">Calorimetria no Enem: como cai?<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/fisica\/hidrostatica\/\">Hidrost&aacute;tica: press&atilde;o, densidade e f&oacute;rmulas<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestibulares.estrategia.com\/portal\/fisica\/principio-de-arquimedes\/\">Princ&iacute;pio de Arquimedes: o que &eacute;, peso aparente e f&oacute;rmulas<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A palavra termodin&acirc;mica surge a partir dos voc&aacute;bulos gregos therme e dynamis, que significam calor + movimento. Assim,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":83053,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-fisica"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Termodin\u00e2mica: o que \u00e9, f\u00f3rmulas e leis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A termodin\u00e2mica \u00e9 o ramo da f\u00edsica que busca entender os processos que envolvem o calor e as transforma\u00e7\u00f5es causadas por ele. 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