TEXT 2

CHARLIE CHAPLIN: THE LATER YEARS

Chaplin’s subsequent films, like The Tramp and Shanghaied, firmly established his reputation and, as his fame rose, so too did his salary and his power. By 1917 Chaplin was able to demand a million dollars for eight pictures. By now Chaplin was taking an increasing amount of control over his work: writing, directing, producing and even composing the music for many of the films in which he starred. In 1919 that control became complete with Chaplin, along with Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, forming United Artists as an independent company to distribute their films.

The introduction of sound to the cinema, however, brought an end to Chaplin’s greatness. His style of performance, derived from the circus clown and from mime, no longer seemed to work its magic. He avoided using the new technology for his films City Lights and Modern Times but embraced it in his 1936 movie, The Great Dictator. Though Chaplin continued to make the occasional film, and also wrote two books, his glory days were over. His leftist politics brought him in for a good deal of criticism (as did an affair with a young woman) and investigation by the Un-American Affairs Commission. As a result, Chaplin left the U.S. in 1952 and, having been refused re-entry, made his home in Switzerland. In 1972 he returned to the United States to receive several tributes, among them a special Academy Award for his contributions to the film industry. Three years later he was knighted. Chaplin died on December 25th 1977. Among his obituaries was a quote from the actor in 1960: “I remain one thing and one thing only, and that is a clown. It places me on a far higher plane than any politician.”

From: Speak Up. Agosto 1999 – no 147 (adapted)

Select the proposition(s) which contains (contain) CORRECT references to the following words, underlined in the text.

01. which (paragraph 1): the films

02. their (paragraph 1): Mary Pickford, Douglas

Fairbanks, D.W. Griffith, and Chaplin

04. its (paragraph 2): the circus clown

08. it (paragraph 2): the new technology

16. them (paragraph 2): several tributes

32. the actor (paragraph 2): Chaplin

64. that (paragraph 2): the actor