TEXT I - The oldest English University
Oxford is a unique and historic institution. As the oldest English-speaking University in the world, it can lay claim to nine centuries of continuous existence. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
Oxford early became a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford.
The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era, especially in religious controversy. From 1833 onwards The Oxford Movement sought to revitalize Catholic aspects of the Anglican Church.
From 1878, academic halls were established for women, who became members of the University in 1920. Since 1974 all, but one, of Oxford’s 39 colleges have changed their statues to admit men and women.
During the 20th century, Oxford added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as an international focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debates.
(www.ox.ac.uk/aboutoxford/history.shtml)
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