Why, throughout human history, have people been so drawn to fiction?

By Cody C. Delistraty

The oldest story in the world is “The Epic of Gilgamesh”, and it has all the trappings of a modern story: a protagonist who goes on an arduous journey, a romance with a seductive woman, a redemptive arc, and a full cast of supporting characters. Humans have been telling stories for thousands of years, sharing them orally even before the invention of writing. In one way or another, much of people’s lives are spent telling stories, which can be a way for humans to feel that we have control over the world. They allow people to see patterns where there is chaos, meaning where there is randomness. Humans are inclined to see narratives where there are none because it can afford meaning to our lives—a form of existential problem-solving.

In a 1944 study conducted at Smith College, 34 students were shown a short film in which two triangles and a circle moved across the screen and a rectangle remained stationary on one side of the screen. When asked what they saw, 33 of the 34 students anthropomorphized the shapes and created a narrative: The circle was “worried,” the “little triangle” was an “innocent young thing,” the big triangle was “blinded by rage and frustration.” Only one student recorded that all he saw were geometric shapes on a screen.

But why start telling stories in the first place? One theory is that storytelling could be an evolutionary mechanism that helped keep our ancestors alive. The theory is that if I. tell you a story about how to survive, you’ll be more likely to actually survive than if I. just give you facts. For instance, if I. were to say, “There’s an animal near that tree, so don’t go over there,” it would not be as effective as if I. were to tell you, “My cousin was eaten by a malicious, scary creature that lurks around that tree, so don’t go over there.” A narrative works off of both data and emotions, which is significantly more effective in engaging a listener than data alone.

The value humans place on narrative is made clear in the high esteem given to storytellers. Authors, actors, directors—people who spin narratives for a living are some of the most famous people in the world. Stories are a form of escapism, but there seems to be something more at play. Perhaps the real reason that we tell stories again and again—and endlessly praise our greatest storytellers—is because humans want to be a part of a shared history.

Adapted from: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/11/thepsychological-comforts-of-storytelling/381964/. Access in: 17 June 2022.

Based on the theory mentioned in the text with the aim of explaining the human motivation to tell stories and its potential role as an evolutionary mechanism (3rd paragraph), read the following statements.

(  ) The emotional appeal of a narrative has the power to frighten the listener before he even detects any danger at all, thus having the effect of compromising the perception of facts.

(  ) A narrative works off of both data and emotions. This dynamic is significantly more effective in engaging a listener than data alone.

(  ) The theory suggests that if someone is told a story about how to survive, that listener will be more likely to actually survive than if he was just given the facts.

(  ) If an observer saw a dangerous predator near a tree, his awareness of the narrative would lead him to presuppose that his own intuition about the facts could be misleading.

Now, choose the alternative that classifies them correctly as either true (T) or false (F).